Energy
Energy covers investments in companies and infrastructure involved in the production, distribution, and consumption of power and fuels, including oil, gas, renewables, and utilities.
100 events across this theme and its sub-themes
What's Happening in Energy
Russia's continued military operations concurrent with peace talks sustain geopolitical risk premiums in energy markets, while escalating Houthi strikes on Red Sea shipping and US diplomatic withdrawal from Saudi Arabia tighten supply routes and raise insurance costs for oil transiting between Asia and Europe. Middle East tensions push crude higher as markets price disruption risk to Iranian exports and regional production, a dynamic reinforced by Persian Gulf shipments remaining below pre-war levels despite recent normalization—indicating traders are holding risk premiums despite restored flow. AI infrastructure investment faces dual headwinds: rising bond yields increase borrowing costs for data center operators like CoreWeave while simultaneously weakening equity valuations for growth-dependent businesses, constraining capital deployment for the computing infrastructure underpinning energy transition modeling and grid optimization. Demand destruction from sustained high heating oil prices is reducing winter fuel consumption, a deflationary pressure on crude that competes with geopolitical supply tightness; the Biden administration's release of 315,000 barrels of heating oil reserves adds near-term supply but operates at limited scale relative to seasonal demand.
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓about 8 hours agoUkraine War
Russia launches three missile waves as peace talks resume
Russia struck Ukraine as peace talks resumed, raising questions about negotiation sincerity and conflict duration.
BBC News
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓about 21 hours agoMiddle East Energy Disruption
Oil surges as U.S. and Israel consider new Iran strikes
Oil prices rise as U.S. and Israel consider new strikes on Iran, escalating Middle East supply risk.
CNBC
- Reported by 2 outletsMARKET SHOCK ↓1 day agoMiddle East Conflicts
US evacuates diplomats from Saudi Arabia after Houthi strikes kill three
The State Department ordered some diplomats to depart Saudi Arabia following Houthi attacks that killed at least three people at an airport and oil facility.
BBC News · CNBC
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↑1 day agoNatural Gas & Weather Markets
Trump administration releases 315,000 barrels of heating oil before midterms
U.S. to release heating oil from strategic reserves before midterm elections, aiming to ease winter fuel costs.
The New York Times
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓1 day agoEurozone Economic Pressures
French 10-year bond yield reaches 5% for first time in 22 years
France's 10-year borrowing costs climbed to 5% amid political turmoil, the highest level since 2002.
CNBC
SPONSORED
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓2 days agoMiddle East Energy Disruption
Oil rallies as mines block tankers in Hormuz strait
Oil prices rise as traders reassess Middle East geopolitical risk.
CNBC
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓2 days agoAI Infrastructure & Communities
NextDC shares crater 40% on slashed profit outlook tied to power delays
NextDC slashes earnings forecast, shares fall 40%, signaling strain in Australian data center demand or costs.
CNBC
- Reported by 3 outletsMARKET SHOCK2 days agoUK Energy & Oil Policy
UK to announce decision on Jackdaw North Sea gas field
UK government to announce decision on Jackdaw gas field development in North Sea.
The New York Times · The Guardian · BBC News
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓3 days agoMiddle East Energy Disruption
U.S. crude jumps above $107 as Middle East tensions lift Brent to five-month peak
U.S. crude oil surged above $107 and Brent reached a five-month high as Middle East tensions escalated.
CNBC
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓3 days agoData Center Infrastructure
Google cloud outage knocks UK courts, major banks offline
Google Cloud outage disrupts UK courts, banks, and millions of users; cloud infrastructure reliability questioned.
The Guardian
SPONSORED
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓3 days agoUK Energy & Fuel Prices
160 North Sea rig workers strike Wednesday, threatening UK fuel supplies
Unite union says over 160 offshore workers will walk out for 24 hours starting Wednesday, risking severe disruption to British fuel supplies.
The Guardian
- Single sourceMARKET SHOCK ↓3 days agoYemen Military Mobilization
Houthi missiles kill 50 recruits at Yemen training facility
Houthi missile strike kills 50 security recruits at Yemen camp, escalating Red Sea regional conflict.
BBC News
- Reported by 2 outletsMARKET SHOCK ↓4 days agoMiddle East Energy Disruption
Brent crude holds near $109 as Ukraine strikes energy sites, tankers targeted
Ukraine resumes energy strikes and Middle East tanker attacks push Brent crude near $109 a barrel.
CNBC · Al Jazeera
- Single sourceabout 1 hour agoWealth Inequality & Billionaire Fortunes
Affluent Chinese shift assets to U.S. banks amid Beijing crackdown
Wealthy Chinese are accelerating transfers of money to American banks as the government intensifies enforcement against offshore holdings.
CNBC
- Single sourceabout 1 hour agoBillionaire Tech Investments
SpaceX posts $561M profit on Boring Co. stake valuation
SpaceX's third-quarter net income received a boost from appreciation in its holding of Elon Musk's tunneling company.
CNBC
SPONSORED
- Single sourceabout 3 hours agoUK Grid Modernization
Power supply adequate through winter, grid chief says despite staff worries
UK grid operator confirms sufficient capacity to meet winter electricity demand despite earlier supply concerns.
BBC News
- Single sourceabout 5 hours agoUkraine War
Trump claims Musk restored Ukraine's Starlink connectivity
Trump claims Musk restored internet access to Ukraine, a satellite connectivity issue with no direct market mechanism.
BBC News
- Single sourceabout 8 hours agoAI Infrastructure Economics
Bond traders brace for more turbulence in AI lending and European sovereign debt
AI infrastructure debt and French sovereign bonds face stress tests as market conditions tighten.
CNBC
- Single sourceabout 8 hours agoBillionaire Tech Investments
Musk puts $1 billion into Skydance
Elon Musk invests roughly $1 billion in Skydance, the animation and film production studio.
CNBC
- Single sourceabout 9 hours agoUK Energy & Oil Policy
UK official: Jackdaw gas project compatible with net-zero climate goals
UK energy secretary defends Jackdaw gasfield approval as compatible with net-zero climate targets.
The Guardian
SPONSORED
- Single sourceabout 10 hours agoMiddle East Conflicts
Twins struggle to survive as Yemen's conflict deepens hunger emergency
Yemen's hunger crisis worsens amid conflict, threatening newborn survival and deepening humanitarian collapse.
BBC News
- Reported by 2 outletsabout 11 hours agoWealth Inequality & Billionaire Fortunes
Meta's Zuckerberg retention deal reignites wealth tax debate before midterms
Meta's retention deal for Zuckerberg reignites wealth tax debate as U.S. election approaches.
CNBC · The Guardian
- Reported by 2 outletsabout 11 hours agoIran Oil & Sanctions
Lesser-known energy stocks gain as oil rallies on Iran tensions
CNBC identifies lesser-known stocks positioned to benefit as oil prices rise further.
CNBC · MarketWatch
- Single sourceabout 11 hours agoUkraine War
Musk-Ukraine rift spurs search for Starlink rivals, but few competitors exist
Musk's dispute with Ukraine over Starlink access spurs demand for competing satellite internet systems, though alternatives remain scarce.
CNBC
- Single sourceabout 12 hours agoAI Infrastructure Economics
Blackstone COO: CoreWeave's core business can weather debt challenges
Blackstone's Jon Gray expresses confidence CoreWeave can navigate its financing challenges amid AI infrastructure demand.
CNBC
SPONSORED
- Single sourceabout 12 hours agoUS-Canada Trade Tensions
Collins-Jackson Maine race tests voter appetite for Trump tariffs
Trump tariff threats shape Maine Senate race between incumbent Collins and challenger Jackson.
CNBC
- Single sourceabout 14 hours agoGlobal Bond & Oil Markets
Tech earnings rattle markets; oil hits months-high
Stocks fell and oil rose as investors shifted away from risk assets amid mounting concerns.
The New York Times
- Single sourceabout 17 hours agoTrump Energy Export Policy
Iowa Republicans face headwinds from diesel costs and trade uncertainty
Iowa, a reliably Republican state, shows signs of shifting as economic hardship spreads among voters.
The New York Times
- Single sourceabout 17 hours agoData Center Infrastructure
U.S. tech firms build data centers in drought-hit Spanish region
Big Tech companies are reshaping Spain's physical landscape through infrastructure expansion.
NPR
- Single sourceabout 17 hours agoGlobal Bond & Oil Markets
Norway's $2.3 trillion wealth fund loses $30 billion on bond turmoil
Norway's sovereign wealth fund lost $30 billion as bond markets turbulent, signaling asset volatility.
CNBC
SPONSORED
- Single sourceabout 19 hours agoEurozone Economic Pressures
Barclays boosts payouts as UK bank tax looms; French yields surge to 24-year peak
Barclays profits surge as French bond yields reach 24-year highs, signaling fiscal stress in eurozone.
The Guardian
- Single sourceabout 21 hours agoUK Fuel Prices & Energy Costs
Rising heating oil prices force woman to abandon furnace for blankets
UK household heating costs remain elevated enough to deter consumption, signaling persistent demand weakness in oil markets.
BBC News
- Single sourceabout 21 hours agoAI Infrastructure & Local Opposition
Nvidia, Microsoft, Cisco warn UK has one year to prevent datacentre backlash
UK AI firms warn government that unresolved datacentre opposition will halt construction within a year.
The Guardian
- Single sourceabout 23 hours agoUS-Canada Relations
US embassy alleges Canada interfered in midterm elections
Prime Minister Mark Carney rejected the accusation, countering that the US started the trade dispute between the nations.
BBC News
- Single source1 day agoWealth Inequality & Billionaire Fortunes
Meta stock restructuring shields Zuckerberg from California billionaire tax
California's billionaire tax structure prevented Mark Zuckerberg from relocating out of state, keeping him subject to the levy.
MarketWatch
SPONSORED
- Single source1 day agoAI Infrastructure & Communities
India confronts backlash over data center water and power demands
India's data center sector addresses water and power consumption concerns as the region emerges as Asia's fastest-growing market.
CNBC
- Single source1 day agoUK Energy & Oil Policy
Treasury calculates potential trillion-pound wealth from North Sea oil investment
UK government estimates Britain could have accumulated a trillion-pound sovereign wealth fund from North Sea oil revenues.
BBC News
- Single source1 day agoDemocratic Party Insurgency
Vance urges GOP to cease complaints over Ramaswamy's Ohio attack ad
Vance told Republicans to stop objecting to a Ramaswamy campaign ad featuring his Democratic opponent's estranged mother, citing childhood sexual abuse allegations.
BBC News
- Single source1 day agoEurope Climate & Disasters
BBC examines Indonesia's peat fires as worst season in decade unfolds
Peat fires in Indonesia threaten carbon storage, agricultural land, and air quality across Southeast Asia.
BBC News
- Single source1 day agoMiddle East Energy Disruption
Persian Gulf oil exports near pre-war levels as traders stay cautious
Oil exports from the Persian Gulf have resumed pre-conflict levels, yet crude prices remain elevated despite restored supply.
MarketWatch
SPONSORED
- Single source1 day agoAI Infrastructure Economics
CoreWeave stock plunges 29% as credit risk widens in October
CoreWeave's stock and bond valuations deteriorate as rising yields pressure growth-stage infrastructure companies.
CNBC
- Single source1 day agoUkraine War
Trump denies involvement in Starlink Ukraine slowdown, claims ignorance of cause
Trump rejected responsibility for a Starlink service reduction in Ukraine and said he was unaware who caused it.
CNBC
- Single source1 day agoUS Border Security & Cartels
Former Mexican prosecutor faces treason charges for US raid involvement
Mexico charges ex-prosecutor with treason for alleged role in US drug enforcement operation on Mexican soil.
BBC News
- Single source1 day agoUK Energy & Oil Policy
Energy Secretary Set to Block Rosebank Oil Development
UK energy secretary signals rejection of Rosebank oilfield development, blocking North Sea oil expansion.
The Guardian
- Single source1 day agoUK Energy Bills & Policy
Burnham floats gas bill reform, details scarce on cost shift
Manchester mayor Burnham proposes cutting gas standing charges, targeting household energy costs.
BBC News
SPONSORED
- Single source1 day agoUkraine War
Russia expresses willingness to negotiate Ukraine peace after Putin meets Trump envoy
Russia signals willingness to resume peace talks with Ukraine and the US, easing geopolitical tension.
BBC News
- Single source1 day agoUkraine War
Trump blames Ukraine drone attacks for diesel price surge before midterms
Trump attributed rising diesel costs to Ukrainian strikes on Russian fuel supplies, citing electoral concerns two weeks before midterm voting.
CNBC
- Single source1 day agoAI Infrastructure Economics
Nebius defends AI computing economics as investors question neocloud viability
Nebius defends its AI computing business as prices rise, despite investor skepticism over its model.
CNBC
- Reported by 2 outlets1 day agoRussia-Europe Tensions
Putin confirms release of American Stephen Hubbard to envoy
Russia releases US citizen Stephen Hubbard in apparent prisoner exchange, easing US-Russia tensions marginally.
CNBC · BBC News
- Reported by 2 outlets2 days agoAI Infrastructure & Communities
Trump urges data centers to share profits with local communities
Trump proposes data centers pay local communities dividends to secure support for facility development.
MarketWatch · CNBC
SPONSORED
- Single source2 days agoUK Energy & Oil Policy
UK green-lights North Sea gas project despite climate pledges
Britain approves new North Sea gas drilling, expanding domestic fossil fuel production capacity.
The New York Times
- Reported by 2 outlets2 days agoUK Energy Bills Crisis
UK inflation jumps to 3.5% as energy costs surge before Budget
UK inflation rises to 3.5% as fuel prices surge, pressuring household costs ahead of Budget announcement.
CNBC · BBC News
- Single source2 days agoUK Energy & Oil Policy
UK inflation rises to 3.5% as fuel prices spike; North Sea gasfield gets approval
UK inflation rises to 3.5% as motor fuel costs climb; government approves Jackdaw North Sea gasfield.
The Guardian
- Single source2 days agoTrump Energy Export Policy
Rubio touts Reliance refinery as potential Venezuelan crude outlet for India
U.S. Secretary of State Rubio visits Reliance's Jamnagar refinery, signaling U.S. interest in India's refining capacity.
CNBC
- Single source2 days agoEurope Climate & Disasters
Indonesian fires blanket Southeast Asia in toxic smoke, sickening hundreds of thousands
Wildfires in Borneo create toxic haze across Southeast Asia, disrupting air quality and regional economic activity.
BBC News
SPONSORED
- Single source2 days agoTrump Trade & Policy
U.S. may open trade ties with Myanmar as policy stance evolves
BBC examines whether Trump administration will engage commercially with Myanmar's military-led government.
BBC News
- Single source2 days agoUkraine War
Musk allegedly directed Starlink to reduce speeds serving Ukraine
Elon Musk ordered Starlink service degraded in Ukraine, raising questions about satellite infrastructure reliability in conflict zones.
CNBC
- Single source2 days agoUS-Canada Relations
Alberta's pro-Canada vote strengthens Carney's hand against Trump
Alberta rejects separatism, strengthening Carney's political position as he prepares to confront Trump administration policies.
BBC News
- Single sourceNOT IN MAINSTREAM YET2 days agoUkraine War
Musk personally directed Starlink slowdown in Ukraine, report says
Musk allegedly ordered Starlink slowdown in Ukraine on his own initiative, amid Trump criticism of his Russia policy.
Aaron Parnas
- Single source2 days agoUkraine War
Zelensky: US intelligence sharing restored after Trump envoy meeting
Ukraine's president said intelligence cooperation with the US is functioning after discussions in Oslo, resolving prior disputes over information access.
BBC News
SPONSORED
- Single source2 days agoUK Energy & Oil Policy
UK approves Jackdaw gas field as pragmatic North Sea strategy
UK approves Jackdaw oil and gas field in North Sea, signaling shift toward domestic energy production.
The Guardian
- Single source2 days agoWealth Inequality & Billionaire Fortunes
Wealth taxation measures spread across states beyond California
U.S. midterm elections feature wealth taxation proposals beyond California's billionaire tax, raising capital gains and income tax policy stakes.
MarketWatch
- Reported by 3 outlets2 days agoUS-Canada Trade Tensions
Court to revisit Trump tariff authority as Canada sues over trade powers
Trump tariffs on Canada face legal challenge over presidential trade authority.
The New York Times · CNBC · BBC News
- Single source2 days agoMiddle East Energy Disruption
Ryanair chief predicts European fares could jump 20% in 2027 on fuel costs
Ryanair chief predicts European air fares will rise up to 20% in 2027, citing cost pressures.
The Guardian
- Reported by 2 outlets3 days agoUkraine War
Zelenskyy meets U.S. envoys as Trump escalates criticism
Zelenskyy meets U.S. envoy amid rising tensions with Trump over Ukraine policy direction.
CNBC · BBC News
SPONSORED
- Single source3 days agoUS Agricultural Crisis
Trump unveils $8 billion aid package for farmers hit by diesel costs
The Agriculture Department will distribute funds to compensate growers struggling with elevated fuel expenses through a newly announced relief initiative.
The New York Times
- Single source3 days agoWealth Inequality & Billionaire Fortunes
Superyacht industry's environmental toll draws scrutiny at Monaco show
Guardian columnist attends European superyacht show, links luxury consumption to emissions and environmental damage.
The Guardian
- Single source3 days agoUK Economic Outlook
UK jobless rate declines as payrolls grow, yet openings hit 12-year low
UK unemployment fell ahead of the budget, but employers are cutting vacancies, signaling labor market weakness.
The Guardian
- Single source3 days agoCarbon Pricing & Climate Policy
Saudi Arabia, Russia, China block IPCC climate report ahead of summit
Countries are pushing to delay release of a major UN climate assessment report.
The Guardian
- Single source3 days agoUS Critical Minerals Strategy
Copper surges 15.8% on AI, infrastructure and supply constraints
Copper outperforms gold in 2024; investors expect the rally to withstand an AI market pullback.
CNBC
SPONSORED
- Single source3 days agoUK Fuel Prices & Energy Costs
Fuel expenses squeeze food aid charity's operations
Rising fuel costs squeeze food aid charity operations, pressuring humanitarian logistics.
BBC News
- Single source3 days agoIllegal Mining & Environmental Crime
Collapse kills 14 at unlicensed Colombian mining operation
An unauthorized gold extraction site in Colombia caved in, killing fourteen workers.
Al Jazeera
- Single source3 days agoUkraine War
Zelenskyy demands explanation for Starshield defense failures
Zelenskyy questions why SpaceX Starshield military communications system is underperforming in Ukraine.
Al Jazeera
- Single source3 days agoUS Agricultural Crisis
Farm economics squeeze younger generation from taking over operations
Farm economics deteriorate, deterring new entrants to agriculture and threatening sector succession.
NPR
- Single source3 days agoUkraine War
Svitolina cites Ukraine conflict's emotional burden in Monfils split
BBC News
SPONSORED
- Single source3 days agoUkraine War
Ukraine evacuates wounded soldier by drone from mine-laden front
Ukraine evacuated a wounded soldier by drone from front-line combat for the first time, demonstrating tactical innovation under wartime constraints.
BBC News
- Single source3 days agoUkraine War
Trump willing to sit down with Russia and China leaders, attacks Zelenskyy
Trump said he would hold talks with Putin and Xi while faulting Ukraine's president.
CNBC
- Single source3 days agoAI Infrastructure Economics
CoreWeave plunge teaches basic finance lesson, analysts say recovery likely
CoreWeave stock selloff reflects basic finance principles; Wall Street sees recovery potential.
MarketWatch
- Single source3 days agoUkraine War
Zelensky aide blames US intelligence limits for Ukrainian casualties
Zelensky adviser accuses US of restricting intelligence sharing, claiming Ukrainian casualties result from the constraint.
BBC News
- Reported by 2 outlets3 days agoGlobal Bond & Oil Markets
Key market relationship deteriorates as investors assess fallout
A major financial market relationship is deteriorating, with implications for asset allocation and cross-market dynamics.
MarketWatch · CNBC
SPONSORED
- Single source3 days agoChina Economic Crisis
Analyst questions accuracy of China's reported 4.6% growth rate
American Enterprise Institute questions credibility of China's latest GDP figures.
American Enterprise Institute
- Single source3 days agoUK Energy & Grid Policy
Grid operator's culture questioned after blackout-risk cover-up allegations
UK power grid inquiry finds concerning issues, raising questions about grid reliability and potential infrastructure investment needs.
The Guardian
- Reported by 2 outlets3 days agoMiddle East Conflicts
Saudi Arabia delays flagship investment conference following Houthi strikes
Saudi Arabia postpones its Future Investment Initiative conference following Houthi attacks on the kingdom.
The New York Times · CNBC
- Single source4 days agoAI Infrastructure & Communities
Minnesota residents doubt Google's clean-energy data center pledge
Google claims its new AI facility will boost the power grid and shield consumers from costs, but experts dispute whether infrastructure upgrades are necessary.
CNBC
- Single source4 days agoMiddle East Conflicts
Saudi crown prince discovers Trump won't shield kingdom from Houthi strikes
Saudi Arabia faces reduced U.S. security guarantees under Trump, reshaping Middle East geopolitics and energy market risk.
The Guardian
SPONSORED
- Single source4 days agoWealth Inequality & Billionaire Fortunes
Congressman Khanna: California should tax billionaire wealth, not earnings
The Guardian
- Single source4 days agoAutomotive Electrification
Kindred Motorworks converts classic VW Microbus to electric power
Volkswagen launches electrified VW Bus, signaling continued investment in heritage EV models amid competitive EV market.
The New York Times
- Single source4 days agoSaudi Arabia Human Rights & Repression
Bangladesh claims Saudi Arabia failed to notify it of two citizens' execution
Bangladesh protests Saudi Arabia's execution of its citizens without prior notification, raising diplomatic tensions.
BBC News
- Single source4 days agoUkraine War
Putin proposes three-way talks to resolve Ukraine conflict
According to reports, Putin has suggested a meeting between himself, Trump, and Xi Jinping to determine Ukraine's future amid U.S.-Ukraine tensions.
CNBC
- Single source4 days agoEurope Climate & Disasters
Rapidly spreading wildfire kills soldiers at Canadian military installation
Fast-moving grass fire killed multiple personnel at Canadian military base; defense readiness and operations face disruption.
Al Jazeera
SPONSORED
- Reported by 4 outlets4 days agoChina Economic Crisis
China's economy picks up pace as AI shipments surge despite weak domestic demand
China's economy accelerates on AI export strength despite domestic demand weakness.
BBC News · CNBC · The New York Times +1 more
- Single source4 days agoUkraine War
Two Russians describe covert work aiding Ukrainian intelligence
BBC reports on covert anti-Putin sabotage operations conducted inside Russia, examining underground resistance networks.
BBC News
- Single source4 days agoMiddle East Conflicts
Iran's foreign minister accuses Netanyahu of seeking expanded conflict
Iran accuses Netanyahu of seeking escalation as Yemen fighting intensifies amid regional tensions.
Al Jazeera
- Single source4 days agoVenezuela Political Transition
Venezuelan opposition backs exiled Machado despite ban from elections
Venezuela's opposition reaffirms Maria Corina Machado as its leader amid political standoff with Maduro government.
Al Jazeera
- Single sourceNOT IN MAINSTREAM YET4 days agoUkraine War
Commentator: Russia claims victory as Trump urges Ukraine surrender
Russia claims military advantage as Trump administration pressures Ukraine toward settlement negotiations.
Aaron Parnas
SPONSORED
- Single source4 days agoUS-Canada Relations
Four dead in massive blaze at Canadian military installation
A large fire at a Canadian military base has killed at least four people, authorities confirmed.
BBC News
- Single source4 days agoUkraine War
Zelenskyy: Ukraine war must end despite Trump tensions
Zelenskyy calls for end to Russia-Ukraine war; no new policy shift or ceasefire terms disclosed.
Al Jazeera
- Single source4 days agoMiddle East Conflicts
Gulf states call for action as Houthis attack Saudi Arabia, Yemen war displaces 233,000
Gulf Cooperation Council ministers condemned Houthi strikes on Saudi Arabia and demanded intervention as fighting in Yemen forces over 233,000 people from their homes.
Al Jazeera
- Single source4 days agoAI Infrastructure & Communities
Microsoft exits Essex data centre project in Britain
Microsoft abandons UK's largest planned AI data centre, disrupting domestic infrastructure ambitions.
BBC News
- Single source4 days agoCorporate Scrutiny & Hearings
Probe launched into £55m loan to City owner during Burnham tenure
UK authorities investigate Manchester City owner's £55 million housing loan granted while Andy Burnham served as mayor.
The Guardian